大地电磁数据的改进随机爬山反演算法研究

对随机爬山算法的新模型产生方式进行改进,并针对大地电磁线性反演依赖初始模型易陷入局部最优解的问题,提出一种基于改进随机爬山的大地电磁反演算法,利用该算法对大地电磁一维层状介质G,K,HK型地电模型数据进行反演实验,在无噪声情况下反演结果和模型基本一致;在加入5%和10%噪声后,反演结果良好.数值实验结果表明,该反演算法不依赖于初始模型,具有较好的全局优化能力和抗噪声能力,能有效反演大地电磁数据.     

理论与实践相结合教学新模式的探讨——以化工工艺学相关课程为例

依据长江师范学院"化工工艺学"课程教学方法的探索与实践,提出了"参观了解-理论学习-模拟仿真-实验(实训)操作-工厂见习"交替进行的化工工艺学理论及实践相结合教学新模式.在这种新教学模式下,学生不仅能更充分地理解理论知识,熟练地掌握实验操作技能,深入了解工厂实际,而且能把理论与实践真正地结合起来,教学质量得到了明显提高.     

幼儿动作的学习方式、特点及其机制

教师的教是基于幼儿的学,了解幼儿动作的学习方式与学习机制将有助于教师开展并实施有效的、适宜的、个性化的幼儿园体育活动.通过观察、访谈、问卷等方法研究,提出了体育活动中3~6岁幼儿动作的学习方式主要有探究学习、模仿学习、语言理解学习以及手触学习等4种类型;分析归纳了体育活动中幼儿探究学习、模仿学习、语言理解学习和手触学习的基本特点;并进一步揭示了探究、模仿、语言理解以及手触等方式的学习机制.     

信息技术支持下转换教学法的应用

随着信息技术与教育教学深度融合的推进,课堂教育教学改革需以新型的教学方法作为支撑.简要介绍了转换教学法的基本概念,阐述了信息技术支持下转换教学法的应用方式,并进一步分析其在课堂教学中的应用对教师、学生和评价方式的挑战.     

模拟结果为什么比实际更暖:简化气候模型结果（英文）

设计了一个非专业人士能够使用、最简化的气候敏感模型,用来研究人类活动所导致的全球变暖的幅度问题.在1990年的第一次IPCC评估报告中,IPCC对其报告中预测的未来全球变暖幅度很有信心,但是随后的观测结果显示全球的变暖幅度只有预测的一半.而自2001年起,全球变暖出现停滞,但是仅仅考虑到二氧化碳浓度的增加,很少有模型能够模拟出这一变化.在已出版的IPCC第五次评估报告的草稿中,IPCC大幅度削减了近期变暖的幅度,并以专家评估代替了模型预测.但是报告中关于未来气候长期变化的预测仍被保留.如果把IPCC模型的总反馈从1.9 W m–2 K–1调整到1.5 W m–2 K–1,气候敏感模型中模拟的温度将从3.2 K降至2.2 K.同时由于反馈很可能是净负反馈,更合适的估计应该是1.0 K.1.0 K是一个能够实现的增幅,21世纪的实际变暖将会小于1 K.即使燃烧所有可开采的化石燃料也不会使全球变暖的幅度超过2.2 K,这一增加幅度也将趋于平稳.本文认为解决IPCC第四、五次报告中评估方法的差异非常关键.一旦这些差异得到解决,人类活动导致的全球变暖在22世纪以及几个世纪以后的平稳态将有可能不会超过IPCC当前模型预测的1/3~1/2.     

Design of optimum solid oxide membrane electrolysis cells for metals production

Oxide to metal conversion is one of the most energy-intensive steps in the value chain for metals production. Solid oxide membrane (SOM) electrolysis process provides a general route for directly reducing various metal oxides to their respective metals, alloys, or intermetallics. Because of its lower energy use and ability to use inert anode resulting in zero carbon emission, SOM electrolysis process emerges as a promising technology that can replace the state-of-the-art metals production processes. In this paper, a careful study of the SOM electrolysis process using equivalent DC circuit modeling is performed and correlated to the experimental results. A discussion on relative importance of each resistive element in the circuit and on possible ways of lowering the rate-limiting resistive elements provides a generic guideline for designing optimum SOM electrolysis cells.     

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods on porous silicon substrates: Effect of growth time

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on porous silicon(PS) substrates by chemical bath deposition at a low temperature.X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and photoluminescence(PL)analyses were carried out to investigate the effect of growth duration(2 h to 8 h) on the optical and structural properties of the aligned ZnO nanorods. Strong and sharp ZnO(0 0 2) peaks of the ZnO nanorods proved that the aligned ZnO nanorods were preferentially fabricated along the c-axis of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. FESEM images demonstrated that the Zn O nanorod arrays were well aligned along the c-axis and perpendicular to the PS substrates regardless of the growth duration. The TEM image showed that the top surfaces of the ZnO nanorods were round with a smooth curvature. PL spectra demonstrated that the ZnO nanorods grown for 5 h exhibited the sharpest and most intense PL peaks within the ultraviolet range among all samples.     

Effect of equal channel angular pressing on aging treatment of Al-7075 alloy

The effect of aging treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of equal channel angular pressed Al-7075 alloy was examined.Commercial Al-7075 alloy in the solid solution heat-treated condition was processed by equal channel angular pressing through route BCat both the room temperature and 120 1C. Only three passes of equal channel angular pressing was possible due to the low ductility of the alloy at both temperatures. Followed by equal channel angular pressing, the specimens have been aged at 120 1C for different aging times. Mechanical properties were measured by Vickers microhardness and tensile tests and microstructural observations were undertaken using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer as well as optical microscopy. Microstructural investigations showed that ultrafine-grained materials with grain size in the range of 200–350 nm and 300–500 nm could be obtained after three passes of equal channel angular pressing at room temperature and 120 1C, respectively. Equal channel angular pressing of solid solution heat-treated Al-7075 alloy accelerates precipitation rate and subsequently leads to a significant decrease in aging time to attain maximum mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is possible to achieve maximum mechanical properties during equal channel angular pressing at 120 1C as a result of dynamic aging and formation of small η′ phase.     

锂渣高性能混凝土的性能与微观结构

锂渣是新疆特有的工业废渣,为了寻求其利用,采用锂渣来配制高性能混凝土。从力学、抗裂、收缩性能与微观结构等方面探究其增强、抗裂机理。试验结果表明:锂渣的最大掺量不宜超过45%;随着掺量的增加,收缩率增加不明显,但都较空白组要小;当掺量在20%~30%时,其力学、抗裂性能较好;锂渣掺入混凝土后,细化了混凝土的凝胶孔,提高其密实度;且在混凝土中形成了一定量的AFt,改善了其抗裂、力学性能。     

《大数据百科全书》术语特点及收录与处理原则

大数据发展日新月异,新的应用需求和实践问题层出不穷,社会各界越来越重视大数据的基础研究。百科全书作为知识门类的概述性著作,是开展和推动基础研究的重要载体。作为大数据知识传播的工具,《大数据百科全书》不仅要有实用与新颖兼备的知识内容,并且还应具备准确严谨与通畅易懂的专业化语言文字表达。其中,术语是《大数据百科全书》不可或缺的有机组成部分,文章总结大数据领域的术语特点,并以此提出《大数据百科全书》术语方面的收录和处理原则。